脚踝扭伤
介绍
脚踝扭伤 是一种很常见的伤害,可能发生在任何人身上吗. 你的脚踝支撑着你的整个体重,很容易不稳定. Walking on an uneven surface or wearing the wrong shoes can cause a sudden loss of balance that makes the ankle twist. 如果脚踝转得足够远, 将骨头连接在一起的韧带可能会过度拉伸或撕裂, 导致扭伤. A major sprain or several minor sprains can lead to permanent ankle instability.解剖学
强壮的组织,称为韧带,将你的腿和脚的骨头连接在一起. One ligament, called the Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL), is very susceptible to ankle sprains. LCL位于我们脚踝的外侧. It contributes to balance and stability when you are standing or walking and moving. LCL还可以保护踝关节免受异常运动的影响, 比如极端的运动范围, 扭, 和滚动.
The LCL is composed of three separate bands commonly referred to as separate ligaments. 距腓骨前韧带最弱,最常撕裂, 然后是跟腓骨韧带. 距腓骨后韧带是最强壮的,很少受伤.
原因
症状
诊断。
踝关节扭伤是根据韧带损伤程度来分类的. 一级扭伤的损伤很小. 韧带有轻微拉伸,纤维也有损伤. 二级扭伤的特征是韧带部分撕裂. 踝关节比正常情况松弛或松动. 三级西班牙指的是韧带完全撕裂. 踝关节完全不稳定.
治疗
大多数踝关节扭伤通过非手术治疗方法愈合. 这是必要的,你寻求评估和治疗任何脚踝受伤, 因为有时骨折会被误认为是扭伤.踝关节扭伤的治疗取决于其程度. Grade One sprains are treated with the RICE method - Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation. 你应该让脚踝休息,不要负重. 你可以用拐杖走路. Applying ice packs to your ankle can help keep the swelling down and reduce pain. 扭伤脚踝后,你应该立即用冰敷. 你的医生会为你提供一个持续的冰敷计划. 你的医生可能会建议你服用非处方药或处方止痛药. Compression bandages, such as elastic wraps, are helpful to immobilize and support the ankle. You should also elevate your ankle at a level above your heart for 48 hours to help reduce swelling.
Care for Grade Two sprains includes applying the RICE method of treatment and in most cases your doctor will prescribe an ankle air cast or soft splint for positioning and stability. 随着治疗的进行,你的医生会逐渐增加你的活动. Your doctor may recommend that you wear an ankle brace for stability as your healing continues.
除了初级保健, your doctor may recommend a short leg cast or a cast-brace system for a Grade Three sprain. The cast is typically worn for two or three weeks and followed by rehabilitation. Rehabilitation is helpful to decrease pain and swelling and to increase movement, 协调, 和力量. Your doctor may recommend customized inserts called orthotics for your shoe or special shoes to help you maintain proper ankle positioning.
脚踝扭伤不需要手术,恢复时间更短. 一级扭伤可能在六周内痊愈. 二级和三级扭伤可能需要几个月才能痊愈. Grade Three Sprains usually involve a period of physical therapy to promote healing.
手术
脚踝扭伤 rarely require surgery; however, 当非手术治疗和康复失败时,这是一种选择. 您的医生将根据个人情况评估每个踝关节扭伤病例. Your physician will discuss surgical options and help you determine the most appropriate choice for you.One type of surgery, termed Ligament Tightening, is performed to tighten the overstretched ligaments. This usually involves the Anterior Talofibular Ligament (ATFL) and the Calcaneofibular Ligament (CFL). The surgeon will make an opening over the ligaments and separate the ATFL and the CFL in half. 这两条韧带的末端通过手术连接到腓骨上. The surgeon will further reinforce the ligaments by also attaching the top edge of the Ankle Retinaculum. The Ankle Retinaculum is a large band of connective tissue located at the front of the ankle.
If the ligaments are severely damaged or not appropriate for a Ligament Tightening procedure, 外科医生可能会进行肌腱移植. For this procedure, the surgeon will use a portion of a nearby tendon for a tendon graft. 最常用的是足部腓骨肌短肌腱. 肌腱移植物通过手术连接腓骨和距骨, 在原始肌腱的附着部位附近.
在一些慢性疼痛的情况下, 关节镜手术可以去除骨碎片, 疤痕组织, 软骨受损. Arthroscopic surgery uses a small camera, called an arthroscope, to guide the surgery. Only small incisions need to be made and the joint does not have to be opened up fully. 这可以缩短恢复时间.
复苏
Depending on the grade of the injury and what surgical or non-surgical methods are applied to repair the ankle, 会决定回收率吗.1级扭伤应该只有轻微的活动范围限制, 恢复过程大约需要六周.
2级扭伤有中度损伤,恢复可能需要几个月.
Grade 3 sprains have severe impairment and may take several months to fully recover. 即使在完全康复后,一些患者发现肿胀仍然可能发生. In most cases, rehabilitation will help restore strength, mobility and range of motion.
复苏 from surgery differs and depends on the extent of your injury and the type of surgery that was performed. 你的医生会告诉你会发生什么. 人们通常在手术后戴上石膏长达2个月. Your doctor will instruct you to carefully increase the amount of weight that you put on your foot. 手术后的康复是一个缓慢的过程. 患者通常会参加两到三个月的物理治疗. 物理治疗有助于加强脚踝肌肉和增加运动. 这两种手术的成功率都很高. 大多数人在大约6个月的时间里恢复得很好.
预防
Individuals that experience one ankle sprain are at an increased risk to experience another. 穿能给脚踝提供额外支撑和稳定性的鞋子可能会有所帮助. 低跟和喇叭跟的鞋子会让人感觉更稳. 在某些情况下, 医生建议穿楔形鞋跟或开矫形器的处方, 塑料支架, 以帮助定位脚在鞋内.版权© - iHealthSpot互动- www.iHealthSpot.com
此信息仅用于教育和信息目的. It should not be used in place of an individual consultation or examination or replace the advice of your health care professional and should not be relied upon to determine diagnosis or course of treatment.
的iHealthSpot 患者教育图书馆 was written collaboratively by the iHealthSpot editorial team which includes Senior Medical Authors Dr. 玛丽·卡-布兰查德,OTD/OTR/L和瓦莱丽·K. 克拉克和以下编辑顾问:史蒂夫梅多斯,医学博士,厄尼F. 索托,DDS,罗纳德·J. 格雷泽,医学博士,乔纳森·罗森博格,医学博士,克里斯托弗·M. 诺尔特医学博士,大卫·阿普尔鲍姆医学博士,乔纳森·M. Tarrash, MD,和Paula Soto, RN/BSN. 此内容遵循 可信赖的健康信息HONcode标准. The library commenced development on September 1, 2005 with the latest update/addition on 2022年2月16日. 有关iHealthSpot其他服务的信息,包括 医疗网站设计,请访问 www.iHealthSpot.com.